The work of five Malaysian NGOs active in connection with poverty, education, youth activism, religious freedom and with women's rights is discussed. Light is shed on the ongoing needs of Tamil women in the plantation sector, and on strategies to improve the care and education of poor pre-school Tamil estate children. A youth-based study shows the nature of and need for youth-based political involvement. Two other studies highlight the need for careful strategies in approaching gender/religion issues and for well-prepared dialogue. Many issues for thought and action are raised.